Study ID | Allocation concealment score | Quality score | Level of evidence |
Clinical Points |
Abdel-Salam 1995 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Adam 2005 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Adams 2002 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | High dose of intra-op fentanyl could be effective during 1st h postop |
Ahdieh 2004 | B | 10101:3 | 1 | |
Allen 1998 (HW) | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Allen 1998 (JG) | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Angulo 1990 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Axelsson 2005 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Badner 1991 | B | 10111:4 | 1 | |
Badner 1996 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Badner 1997 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Barrack 1997 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Barrack 2001 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Barwell 1997 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | Difficult to interpret because of insufficient detail and description of methods |
Beaupre 2004 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | No VAS scores, only WOMAC and SF36 |
Boeckstyns 2004 | B | 10101:3 | 1 | |
Bowrey 2005 | B | 10111:4 | 1 | |
Browne 2004 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Burnett 2004 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Buvanendran 2003 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Can 2003 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | |
Casati 2005 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Cheville 2001 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Cole 2000 | A | 11101:4 | 1 | |
Confalonieri 2004 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Dahl 1994 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Dang 2005 | A | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Davies 2004 | B | 10111:4 | 1 | |
D’Lima 1996 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Edwards 1992 | B | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Eggers 1999 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Esler 2003 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Farag 2005 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Fernandez-Galinski 1996 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Ferrante 1988 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | Variation in intra- and postop technique between each patient |
Ferrante 1993 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Fisher 1998 | B | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Frost 2002 | A | 11001:3 | 2 | < 80% follow-up |
Ganapathy 1999 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Gibbons 2001 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | |
Grace 1995 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | Only 12 patients’ data. Note that study was discontinued because of inadequate analgesia in tramadol group |
Harms 1991 | B | 11000:2 | 2 | |
Hendolin 1996 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Hilding 1997 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Himmelseher 2001 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Hirst 1996 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Holmstrom 2005 | B | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Hubbard 2003 | A | 11101:4 | 1 | |
Jacobson 1989 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Jenny 2001 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Kaloul 2004 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Kampe 2002 | B | 10101:3 | 1 | |
Klasen 1999 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Kudoh 2003 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | Clinical relevance questionable because primary outcome was not pain but global recovery |
Levy 1993 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Macalou 2004 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Mauerhan 1997 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
McNamee 2001 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
McNamee 2002 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
McSwiney 1997 | B | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Mitchell 2005 | A | 11001:3 | 2 | <80% follow up |
Moffet 2004 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Moiniche 1994 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Muldoon 1998 | B | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Nechleba 2005 | B | 10111:4 | 1 | |
Ng 2001 | A | 10110:3 | 1 | |
Nielsen 1989 | B | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Niskanen 2005 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | Questionable practice for routine analgesia |
Pang 2003 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Park 1996 | A | 10111:4 | 1 | |
Partio 1995 | B | 10000:1 | 1 | |
Pettine 1989 | B | 10000:1 | 2 | |
Price 2003 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Riad 2002 | A | 11101:4 | 1 | |
Ritter 1999 | A | 11100:3 | 1 | |
Serpell 1991 | B | 10001:2 | 2 | |
Sharrock 1994 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Silvanto 2002 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Silvasti 2001 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Singelyn 1998 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Singelyn 2000 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Sites 2003 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Sites 2004 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Smith 2002 | A | 11000:2 | 1 | |
Szczukowski 2004 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Tan 2001 | B | 10101:3 | 1 | |
Tanaka 2001 | B | 10100:2 | 2 | |
Vandenbussche 2002 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Wakankar 1999 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
Wang 2002 | B | 11100:3 | 1 | |
Waters 2003 | A | 11110:4 | 1 | |
Weber 2001 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Weber 2005 | A | 11111:5 | 1 | |
Weinhardt 2004 | B | 10001:2 | 2 | |
Weir 1998 | B | 10111:4 | 1 | |
Weller 1991 | B | 10001:2 | 2 | |
Wong 1997 | B | 10001:2 | 1 | |
Wood 2002 | A | 11001:3 | 1 | |
YaDeau 2005 | A | 11110:4 | 1 |