55 studies included (Click here for further information)

Included References 


Berti M, Fanelli G, Casati A, Lugani D, Aldegheri G, Torri G. Comparison between epidural infusion of fentanyl/bupivacaine and morphine/bupivacaine after orthopaedic surgery. Can J Anaesth 1998;45(6):545–550.



Bertini L, Mancini S, Di Benedetto P, Ciaschi A, Martini O, Nava S, Tagariello V. Postoperative analgesia by combined continuous infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) following hip replacement: ropivacaine versus bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45(6):782–785.



Biboulet P, Morau D, Aubas P, Bringuier-Branchereau S, Capdevila X. Postoperative analgesia after total-hip arthroplasty: Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine and single injection of femoral nerve or psoas compartment block. a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004;29(2):102–109.



Borghi B, Agnoletti V, Ricci A, van Oven H, Montone N, Casati A. A prospective, randomized evaluation of the effects of epidural needle rotation on the distribution of epidural block. Anesth Analg 2004;98(5):1473–1478, table of contents.



Bourke M, Hayes A, Doyle M, McCarroll M. A Comparison of Regularly Administered Sustained Release Oral Morphine with Intramuscular Morphine for Control of Postoperative Pain. Anesth Analg 2000;90:427–430.



Bugter ML, Dirksen R, Jhamandas K, Slappendel R, Weber EW, Milne B. Prior ibuprofen exposure does not augment opioid drug potency or modify opioid requirements for pain inhibition in total hip surgery. Can J Anaesth 2003;50(5):445–449.



Camu F, Beecher T, Recker DP, Verburg KM. Valdecoxib, a COX-2-specific inhibitor, is an efficacious, opioid-sparing analgesic in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Am J Ther 2002;9(1):43–51.



Carabine UA, Milligan KR, Moore J. Extradural clonidine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1992a;68(2):132–135.



Carabine UA, Milligan KR, Mulholland D, Moore J. Extradural clonidine infusions for analgesia after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 1992b;68(4):338–343.



Casati A, Santorsola R, Aldegheri G, Ravasi F, Fanelli G, Berti M, Fraschini G, Torri G. Intraoperative epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with levobupivacaine for major orthopedic surgery: a double-blind, randomized comparison of racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine. J Clin Anesth 2003;15(2):126–131.



Dahl V, Raeder JC, Drosdal S, Wathne O, Brynildsrud J. Prophylactic oral ibuprofen or ibuprofen-codeine versus placebo for postoperative pain after primary hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995;39(3):323–326.



Fee JP, Brady MM, Furness G, Chambers M, Clarke RS. Analgesia after hip replacement surgery: comparison of nalbuphine with morphine. Br J Anaesth 1989;63(6):756–758.



Fernandez-Galinski D, Rue M, Moral V, Castells C, Puig MM. Spinal Anesthesia with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl in Geriatric Patients. Anesth Analg 1996;83:537–541.



Fletcher D, Zetlaoui P, Monin S, Bombart M, Samii K. Influence of timing on the analgesic effect of intravenous ketorolac after orthopedic surgery. Pain 1995;61(2):291–297.



Fogarty DJ, Carabine UA, Milligan KR. Comparison of the analgesic effects of intrathecal clonidine and intrathecal morphine after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 1993;71(5):661–664.



Fogarty DJ, Milligan KR. Postoperative analgesia following total hip replacement: a comparison of intrathecal morphine and diamorphine. J R Soc Med 1995a;88(2):70–72.



Fogarty DJ, O’Hanlon JJ, Milligan KR. Intramuscular ketorolac following total hip replacement with spinal anaesthesia and intrathecal morphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995b;39(2):191–194.



Fournier R, Van Gessel E, Gaggero G, Boccovi S, Forster A, Gamulin Z. Postoperative analgesia with “3-in-1” femoral nerve block after prosthetic hip surgery. Can J Anaesth 1998;45(1):34–38.



Fournier R, Van Gessel E, Macksay M, Gamulin Z. Onset and offset of intrathecal morphine versus nalbuphine for postoperative pain relief after total hip replacement. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000a;44(8):940–945.



Fournier R, Van Gessel E, Weber A, Gamulin Z. A comparison of intrathecal analgesia with fentanyl or sufentanil after total hip replacement. Anesth Analg 2000b;90(4):918––922.



Fournier R, Van Gessel E, Weber A, Gamulin Z. Epinephrine and clonidine do not improve intrathecal sufentanil analgesia after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 2002;89(4):562–566.



Frater RA, Moores MA, Parry P, Hanning CD. Analgesia-induced respiratory depression: comparison of meptazinol and morphine in the postoperative period. Br J Anaesth 1989;63(3):260–265.



Glaser C, Marhofer P, Zimpfer G, Heinz MT, Sitzwohl C, Kapral S, Schindler I. Levobupivacaine versus racemic bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2002;94(1):194–198, table of contents.



Grace D, Bunting H, Milligan KR, Fee JP. Postoperative analgesia after co-administration of clonidine and morphine by the intrathecal route in patients undergoing hip replacement. Anesth Analg 1995; 80(1):86–91.



Grace D, Fee JP. A comparison of intrathecal morphine-6-glucuronide and intrathecal morphine sulfate as analgesics for total hip replacement. Anesth Analg 1996;83(5):1055–1059.



Grace D, Milligan KR, Morrow BJ, Fee JP. Co-administration of pethidine and clonidine: a spinal anaesthetic technique for total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 1994;73(5):628–633.



Gustafsson LL, Johannisson J, Garle M. Extradural and parenteral pethidine as analgesia after total hip replacement: effects and kinetics. A controlled clinical study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;29(5):529–534.



Horowitz BR, Rockowitz NL, Goll SG, Booth RE, Balderston RA, Rothman RH, Cohn JC. A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches to Total Hip Arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 1993;291:154–163.



Iohom G, Walsh M, Higgins G, Shorten G. Effect of perioperative administration of dexketoprofen on opioid requirements and inflammatory response following elective hip arthroplasty. Br J Anaesth 2002;88(4):520–526.



Kampe S, Kiencke P, Delis A, Auweiler M, Konig DP, Kasper SM. The continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.1% with 0.5 microg x mL(-1) sufentanil provides effective postoperative analgesia after total hip replacement: a pilot study. Can J Anaesth 2003;50(6):580–585.



Keita H, Geachan N, Dahmani S, Couderc E, Armand C, Quazza M, Mantz J, Desmonts JM. Comparison between patient-controlled analgesia and subcutaneous morphine in elderly patients after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 2003;90(1):53–57.



Kostamovaara PA, Hendolon H, Kokki H, Nuutinen LS. Ketorolac, diclofenac and ketoprofen are equally efficacious for pain relief after total hip replacement surgery. Br J Anaesth 1998;81:369–372.



Kostamovaara PA, Laurila JJ, Alahuhta S, Salomaki TE. Ropivacaine 1 mg x ml(-1) does not decrease the need for epidural fentanyl after hip replacement surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45(4):489–494.



Laitinen J, Nuutinen L. Intravenous diclofenac coupled with PCA fentanyl for pain relief after total hip replacement. Anesthesiology 1992;76(2):194–198.



Maurer K, Bonvini JM, Ekatodramis G, Serena S, Borgeat A. Continuous spinal anesthesia/analgesia vs. single-shot spinal anesthesia with patient-controlled analgesia for elective hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003;47(7):878–883.



McCormack JP, Warriner CB, Levine M, Glick N. A comparison of regularly dosed oral morphine and on-demand intramuscular morphine in the treatment of postsurgical pain. Can J Anaesth 1993;40(9):819–824.



Milligan KR, Convery PN, Weir P, Quinn P, Connolly D. The efficacy and safety of epidural infusions of levobupivacaine with and without clonidine for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Anesth Analg 2000;91(2):393–397.



Milligan KR, Fogarty DJ. The characteristics of analgesic requirements following subarachnoid diamorphine in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Reg Anesth 1993;18(2):114–117.



Moiniche S, Hjortso NC, Hansen BL, Dahl JB, Rosenberg J, Gebuhr P, Kehlet H. The effect of balanced analgesia on early convalescence after major orthopaedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994;38(4):328–335.



Mollmann M, Cord S, Holst D, Auf der Landwehr U. Continuous spinal anaesthesia or continuous epidural anaesthesia for post-operative pain control after hip replacement? Eur J Anaesthesiol 1999;16(7):454–461.



Murphy PM, Stack D, Kinirons B, Laffey JG. Optimizing the dose of intrathecal morphine in older patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg 2003;97(6):1709–1715.



O’Sullivan G, Bullingham RE, McQuay HJ, Poppleton P, Rolfe M, Weir L, Moore RA. A comparison of intramuscular and sublingual buprenorphine, intramuscular morphine and placebo as premedication. Anaesthesia 1983;38(10):977–984.



Peduto VA, Ballabio M, Stefanini S. Efficacy of propacetamol in the treatment of postoperative pain. Morphine-sparing effect in orthopedic surgery. Italian Collaborative Group on Propacetamol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998;42(3):293–298.



Ravikumar KJ, Alwan T, Fordyce MJF, Tuson KWR. Drainage versus non-drainage in total hip arthroplasty. A prospective randomised study. Hip International 2001;11(1):49–54.



Robinson SL, Rowbotham DJ, Smith G. Morphine compared with diamorphine. A comparison of dose requirements and side-effects after hip surgery. Anaesthesia 1991;46(7):538–540.



Rundshagen I, Standl T, Kochs E, Muller M, Schulte am Esch J. Continuous spinal analgesia. Comparison between patient-controlled and bolus administration of plain bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief. Reg Anesth 1997;22(2):150–156.



Segstro R, Morley-Forster PK, Lu G. Indomethacin as a postoperative analgesic for total hip arthroplasty. Can J Anaesth 1991;38(5):578–581.



Serpell MG, Thomson MF. Comparison of piroxicam with placebo in the management of pain after total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 1989;63(3):354–356.



Singelyn FJ, Vanderelst PE, Gouverneur JM. Extended femoral nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty: continuous versus patient-controlled techniques. Anesth Analg 2001;92(2):455–459.



Slappendel R, Weber EWG, Dirksen R, Gielen MJ, van Limbeek J. Optimization of the Dose of Intrathecal Morphine in Total Hip Surgery: A Dose Finding Study. Anesth Analg 1999;88:822–826.



Souron V, Delaunay L, Schifrine P. Intrathecal morphine provides better postoperative analgesia than psoas compartment block after primary hip arthroplasty. Can J Anaesth 2003;50(6):574–579.



Stevens RD, Van Gessel E, Flory N, Fournier R, Gamulin Z. Lumbar plexus block reduces pain and blood loss associated with total hip arthroplasty. Anesthesiology 2000;93(1):115–121.



Stubhaug A, Grimstad J, Breivik H. Lack of analgesic effect of 50 and 100 mg oral tramadol after orthopaedic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo and standard active drug comparison. Pain 1995;62(1):111–118.



Wulf H, Biscoping J, Beland B, Bachmann-Mennenga B, Motsch J. Ropivacaine epidural anesthesia and analgesia versus general anesthesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine in the perioperative management of hip replacement. Ropivacaine Hip Replacement Multicenter Study Group. Anesth Analg 1999;89(1):111–116.



Yiannakopoulos CK, Kanellopoulos AD. Innoxious removal of suction drains. Orthopedics 2004;27(4):412–414.