Table 1: Haemorrhoid Surgery June 2006 Reasons for Exclusion
1:Haemorrhoid Surgery June 2006 Reasons for Exclusion
| Reference details | Reason for exclusion | |
| 1 | Ali, U., Khan, A.S. Rubber band ligation versus open haemorrhoidectomy: A study of 100 cases. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute 2005;19(3):317-322. | No pain scores |
| 2 | Ambrose, N.S., et al. Prospective randomised comparison of photocoagulation and rubber band ligation in treatment of haemorrhoids. British Medical Journal 1983;28(6375):1389–91. | Photocoagulation vs.ligation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 3 | Anghelacopoulos S.E, Tagarakis GI, Pilpilidis I, Kartsounis C, Chryssafis G. Albumin-glutaraldehyde bioadhesive Bioglue for prevention of postoperative complications after stapled hemorrhoidopexy: A randomized controlled trial. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 2006;118(15-16):469-72. | Inappropriate randomisation |
| 4 | Arabi, Y., et al. Rubber band ligation or lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for treatment of haemorrhoids. British Journal of Surgery 1977;64(10):737-740. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 5 | Armstrong DN. Multiple hemorrhoidal ligation: A prospective, randomized trial evaluating a new technique. Diseases of the Colonand Rectum 2003;46(2):179-86. | Ligation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 6 | Asfar, S.K., Juma, T.H., Ala, E.T. Hemorrhoidectomy and sphincterotomy. A prospective study comparing the effectiveness of anal stretch and sphincterotomy in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1988;31(3):181-5. | No pain scores |
| 7 | Au-Yong, I., Rowsell, M., Hemingway, D.M. Randomised controlled clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidectomy vs conventional haemorrhoidectomy; a three and a half year follow up. Colorectal Disease 2004;6(1):37-8. | No pain scores |
| 8 | Bailey, P.M., Sangwan, S. Caudal analgesia for perianal surgery. A comparison between bupivacaine and diamorphine. Anaesthesia 1986;41(5):499-504. | Perianal surgery |
| 9 | Barron, J. Diverse methods of managing hemorrhoids: ligation with cryotherapy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1973;16(3):178-9. | Symposium, not RCT |
| 10 | Basile, M., et al. Parenteral troxerutin and carbazochrome combination in the treatment of post-hemorrhoidectomy status: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, phase IV study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2001;17(4):256-61. | Haemorrhoidectomy and rubber banding; no separate subgroups for each procedure |
| 11 | Basile, M., et al. Troxerutin-carbazochrome combination versus placebo in the treatment of posthemorrhoidectomy symptoms: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Current Therapeutic Research – Clinical and Experimental 2002;63(9):527-35. | Haemorrhoidectomy and rubber banding; no separate subgroups for each procedure |
| 12 | Berstock, D.A. Haemorrhoidectomy without tears. Annals of theRoyal College of Surgeons of England 1979;61(1):51-4. | Not fully randomised |
| 13 | Bursics, A., et al. Comparison of early and 1-year follow-up results of conventional hemorrhoidectomy and hemorrhoid artery ligation: A randomized study. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2004;19(2):176-180. | No pain scores |
| 14 | Carapeti, E.A. Prospective randomized multicentre trial comparing stapled with open haemorrhoidectomy. British Journal of Surgery 2001;88(11):1547-8. | Comment on previous study; not RCT |
| 15 | Cazemier, M., et al. Elastic band ligation of hemorrhoids: flexible gastroscope or rigid proctoscope? World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007;13(4):585-7. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 16 | Chaleoykitti, B. Comparative study between multiple and single rubber band ligation in one session for bleeding internal, hemorrhoids: a prospective study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2002;85(3):345-50. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 17 | Cheetham, M.J., et al. Persistent pain and faecal urgency after stapled haemorrhoidectomy. Lancet 2000;356(9231):730-3. | Not RCT |
| 18 | Cheng, F.C., Shum, D.W., Ong, G.B. The treatment of second degree haemorrhoids by injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective clinical trial. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1981;51(5):458-62. | Not all procedures were surgical haemorrhoidectomy (e.g. rubber banding) |
| 19 | Chia, Y.W., et al. CO2 laser haemorrhoidectomy – does it alter anorectal function or decrease pain compared to conventional haemorrhoidectomy? International Journal of Colorectal Disease 1995;10(1):22-4. | No pain scores |
| 20 | Chou, W.Y., et al. Anesthetic effect of epidural anesthesia with cephalad or caudad catheterization for ankle surgery or hemorrhoidectomy. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2005;49(3):406-10. | No pain scores |
| 21 | Chung, Y.C., Wu, H.J. Clinical experience of sutureless closed hemorrhoidectomy with Liga Sure. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2003;46(1):87-92. | Inappropriate randomisation (alternation) |
| 22 | Coskun, A., et al. Nitroderm TTS band application for pain after hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2001;44(5):680-5. | Not RCT |
| 23 | Dennison, A., et al. A randomized comparison of infrared photocoagulation with bipolar diathermy for the outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1990;33(1):32-4. | Photocoagulation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 24 | Diamond, M. Hemorrhoidectomy: an amputative and plastic procedure that lessens postoperative pain. Diseases of the Colonand Rectum 1963;6:374-80 | Not RCT |
| 25 | Eisenstat, T., Salvati, E.P., Rubin R.J. The outpatient management of acute hemorrhoidal disease. Diseases of the Colonand Rectum 1979;22(5):315-7. | Not RCT |
| 26 | Eu, K.W., Lai, J.H. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy or Longo’s procedure? Two totally different concepts. Singapore Medical Journal 2005;46(10):566-7. | Not RCT |
| 27 | Fleshman, J. Advanced technology in the management of hemorrhoids: stapling, laser, harmonic scalpel, and ligasure. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2002;6(3):299-301. | Review; not RCT |
| 28 | Foo, E., et al. Ambulatory anorectal surgery–is it feasible locally? Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 1998;27(4):512-4. | Mixed surgery procedures |
| 29 | Ganio, E., et al. Long-term outcome of a multicentre randomized clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy. British Journal of Surgery 2007;94:1033-7. | No pain scores |
| 30 | Gartell, P.C., Sheridan R.J., McGinn F.P. Out-patient treatment of haemorrhoids: a randomized clinical trial to compare rubber band ligation with phenol injection. British Journal of Surgery 1985;72(6):478-9. . | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 31 | Gencosmanoglu, R., et al. Hemorrhoidectomy: Open or closed technique? A prospective, randomized clinical trial. Diseases of theColon and Rectum 2002;45(1):70-5. | No pain scores |
| 32 | Gerjy, R., Derwinger, K., Nystroem P.O. Perianal local block for stapled anopexy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2006;49(12):1914-21. | Not RCT |
| 33 | Gokalp, A., Baskonus, I., Maralcan, G. A prospective randomised study of local anaesthetic injection after multiple rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids. Chirurgia Italiana 2003;55(2):213-7. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 34 | Goldstein, E.T., Williamson P.R., Larach, S.W. Subcutaneous morphine pump for postoperative hemorrhoidectomy pain management. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1993;36(5):439-46. | Not RCT |
| 35 | Greca, F., et al. A randomized trial to compare rubber band ligation with phenol injection for treatment of haemorrhoids. British Journal of Surgery 1981;68(4):250-2. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 36 | Gupta, P.J. Infrared coagulation versus rubber band ligation in early stage hemorrhoids. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2003;36(10):1433-9. | Coagulation vs.rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 37 | Gupta, P.J. Radiofrequency coagulation versus rubber band ligation in early hemorrhoids: pain versus gain. Medicina (Kaunas Lithuania) 2004;40(3):232-7. | Coagulation vs.rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 38 | Gupta, P.J., Heda, P.S., Kalaskar, S. Radiofrequency ablation and plication – A new technique for prolapsing hemorrhoidal disease. Current Surgery 2006;63(1):44-50. | Retrospective study; not RCT |
| 39 | Guy, R.J., Ng, C.E., Eu, K.W. Stapled anoplasty for haemorrhoids: a comparison of ambulatory vs in-patient procedures. Colorectal Disease 2003;5(1):29-32. | Not RCT |
| 40 | Hinton, C.P., Morris, D.L. A randomized trial comparing direct current therapy and bipolar diathermy in the outpatient treatment of third-degree hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1990;33(11):931-2. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 41 | Ho, Y.H., et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of a micronized flavonidic fraction to reduce bleeding after haemorrhoidectomy. British Journal of Surgery 1995;82(8):1034-5. | No pain scores |
| 42 | Ho Y.H., Lee J., Salleh I., Leong A., Eu K.W., Seow C.F. Randomized controlled trial comparing same-day discharge with hospital stay following haemorrhoidectomy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1998;68(5):334-6. | Not clinically relevant |
| 43 | Ho, Y.H., Tan, M., Seow, C.F. Micronized purified flavonidic fraction compared favorably with rubber band ligation and fiber alone in the management of bleeding hemorrhoids: randomized controlled trial. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2000;43(1):66-9. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 44 | Ho, K.S., et al. Randomized clinical trial of haemorrhoidectomy under a mixture of local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia. British Journal of Surgery 2000;87(4):410-3. | No pain scores |
| 45 | Hood, T.R., Williams, J.A. Anal dilatation versus rubber band ligation for internal hemorrhoids Method of treatment in outpatients. American Journal of Surgery 1971;122(4):545-8. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 46 | Hooker, G.D., et al. Local injection of bupivacaine after rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: prospective, randomized study. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1999;42(2):174-9. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 47 | Jalovaara, P., Kiviniemi, H., Staahlberg, M. Comparison of diflunisal and dextropropoxyphene napsylate in the treatment of post-operative pain. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae 1985;74(5):228-32. | No pain scores |
| 48 | Jamjoom, A.M.R., Jamal, Y.S. A comparative study of different treatments of hemorrhoids. Annals of Saudi Medicine 1991;11(1):73-9. | Rubber banding,injection sclerotherapy or cryosurgery; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 49 | Jensen, S.L., et al. Maintenance bran therapy for prevention of symptoms after rubber band ligation of third-degree haemorrhoids. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 1988;154(5-6):395-8 | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 50 | Jensen, S.L., et al. The natural history of symptomatic haemorrhoids. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 1989;4(1):41-4. | No pain scores |
| 51 | Jirasiritham, S., Tantivitayatan, K., Jirasiritham, S. Perianal blockage with 05% bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief in hemorrhoidectomy. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2004;87(6):660-4. | No pain scores |
| 52 | Johnson, C.D., Budd, J., Ward, A.J. Laxatives after hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1987;30(10):780-1. | Inappropriate randomisation |
| 53 | Kanellos, I., et al. A comparison of the simultaneous application of sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation, with sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation applied separately, for the treatment of haemorrhoids: a prospective randomized trial. Colorectal Disease 2003;5(2):133-8. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 54 | Khan, N., Malik, M.A.N. Injection sclerotherapy versus electrocoagulation in the management outcome of early haemorrhoids. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2006;56(12):579-82. | Injection sclerotherapy vs.electrocoagulation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 55 | Khubchandani, I.T. A randomized comparison of single and multiple rubber band ligations. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1983;26(11):705-8. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 56 | Khubchandani, I.T. Early results of the treatment of internal hemorrhoid disease by infrared coagulation and elastic banding: A prospective randomized cross-over trial: Commentary. Techniques in Coloproctology 2006;10(4):317. | Not RCT |
| 57 | Khubchandani, I.T., Trimpi, H.D., Sheets, J.A. Evaluation of polyglycolic acid suture vs catgut in closed hemorrhoidectomy with local anesthesia. Southern Medical Journal 1974;67(12):1504-6. | Inappropriate randomisation (alternation) |
| 58 | Kilbride, M.J., Senagore, A.J., Morse, M. Improving patient safety with transdermal-fentanyl for post- hemorrhoidectomy pain. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1995;38(1):104. | Letter; not RCT |
| 59 | Law, W.L., Chu, K.W. Triple rubber band ligation for hemorrhoids: prospective, randomized trial of use of local anesthetic injection. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1999;42(3):363-6. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 60 | Leff, E.I. Hemorrhoidectomy – Laser vs. nonlaser: Outpatient surgical experience. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1992;35(8):743-6. | Not RCT |
| 61 | Leicester, R.J., Nicholls, R.J., Mann, C.V. Infrared coagulation: a new treatment for hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1981;24(8):602-5. | No pain scores |
| 62 | Lewis, A.A., Rogers, H.S., Leighton, M. Trial of maximal anal dilatation, cryotherapy and elastic band ligation as alternatives to haemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of large prolapsing haemorroids. British Journal of Surgery 1983;70(1):54-6. | No pain scores |
| 63 | Marques, C.F.S., et al. Early results of the treatment of internal hemorrhoid disease by infrared coagulation and elastic banding: a prospective randomized cross-over trial. Techniques in Coloproctology 2006;10(4):312-7. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 64 | Mathieu, N., et al. Intranasal sufentanil is effective for postoperative analgesia in adults. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 2006;53(1):60-6. | Mixed surgery procedures |
| 65 | Mentes, B.B. Can micronized flavonoid treat hemorrhoidal disease better than rubber band ligation? Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2000;43(11):1638-9. | Letter; not RCT |
| 66 | Miller, H. Management of pain with hemorrhoidectomy; factors which influence post operative pain. American Journal of Proctology 1957;8(5):360-9. | Review; not RCT |
| 67 | Murie, J.A., Mackenzie, I., Sim, A.J. Comparison of rubber band ligation and haemorrhoidectomy for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial. British Journal of Surgery 1980;67(11):786-8. | No pain scores |
| 68 | Murie, J.A., Sim, A.J., Mackenzie, I. The importance of pain, pruritus and soiling as symptoms of haemorrhoids and their response to haemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation. British Journal of Surgery 1981;68(4):247-9. | Not RCT |
| 69 | Murie, J.A., Sim, A.J.W., Mackenzie, I. Rubber band ligation versus haemorrhoidectomy for prolapsing haemorrhoids: A long term prospective clinical trial. British Journal of Surgery 1982;69(9):536-8. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 70 | Ng, S.S.M., et al. Pre-emptive analgesia and metronidazole on post-haemorrhoidectomy pain control. Surgical Practice 2006;10(3):102-5. | Retrospective review; not RCT |
| 71 | O’Donovan, S., et al. Intraoperative use of Toradol facilitates outpatient hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1994;37(8):793-9. | Not RCT |
| 72 | Ortiz, H., et al. Lord’s procedure: a critical study of its basic principle. British Journal of Surgery 1978;65(4):281-4. | Not RCT |
| 73 | Ortiz, H. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. Annals of Surgery 2007;245(1):155-6. | Letter; not RCT |
| 74 | Pescatori, M., Altomare, D.F. Prospective randomized multicentre trial comparing stapled with open haemorrhoidectomy. British Journal of Surgery 2002;89(1):122. | Letter; not RCT |
| 75 | Peters, C.J., et al. Ligasure trademark vs conventional diathermy haemorrhoidectomy: long- term follow-up of a randomised clinical trial. Colorectal Disease 2005;7(4):350-3. | No pain scores |
| 76 | Picchio, M., et al. Stapled vs open hemorrhoidectomy: long-term outcome of a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2006;21(7):668-9. | Follow up study; not RCT |
| 77 | Poen, A.C., et al. A randomized controlled trial of rubber band ligation versus infra- red coagulation in the treatment of internal haemorrhoids. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2000;12(5):535-9. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 78 | Poon, G.P., et al. Conventional vs triple rubber band ligation for hemorrhoids A prospective, randomized trial. Diseases of the Colonand Rectum 1986;29(12):836-8. | No pain scores |
| 79 | Porter, N. The use of lactulose in post haemorrhoidectomy patients. British Journal of Clinical Practice 1975;29(9):235-6. | No pain scores |
| 80 | Quah HM, Seow CF. Prospective, randomized trial comparing diathermy excision and diathermy coagulation for symptomatic, prolapsed hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2004;47(3):367-70. | Diathermy coagulation; not surgical |
| 81 | Racalbuto, A., et al. Hemorrhoidal stapler prolapsectomy vs Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a long-term randomized trial. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2004;19(3):239-44. | No pain scores |
| 82 | Raffucci, F.L. Pain after haemorrhoidectomy. British Medical Journal 1965;2(5463):659-60. | Not RCT |
| 83 | Ramadan, E., Vishne, T., Dreznik, Z. Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: preliminary results of a new alternative method. Techniques in Coloproctology 2002;6(2):89-92. | Inappropriate randomisation |
| 84 | Ramzisham, A.R.M., et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial on suction elastic band ligator versus forceps ligator in the treatment of haemorrhoids. Asian Journal of Surgery 2005;28(4):241-5. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 85 | Sayfan, J. LigaSure vs diathermy hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2004;47(9):1557. | Letter; not RCT |
| 86 | Sim, A.J., Murie, J.A., Mackenzie, I. Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids – a prospective clinical trial. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 1981;147(8):717-20. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 87 | Smith, L.E., Goodreau, J.J., Fouty, W.J. Operative hemorrhoidectomy versus cryodestruction. Diseases of the Colonand Rectum 1979;22(1):10-16. | Not RCT |
| 88 | Smyth, E.F., et al. Stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy: long-term follow up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361(9367):1437-8. | Follow-up letter; not RCT |
| 89 | Su, M.Y., et al. Long-term results of endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation: Two different devices with similar results. Endoscopy 2003;35(5):416-420. | Ligation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 90 | Templeton, J.L., et al. Comparison of infrared coagulation and rubber band ligation for first and second degree haemorrhoids: a randomised prospective clinical trial. British Medical Journal 1983;286(6375):1387-9. | Rubber banding vs.infrared coagulation; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 91 | Thaha, M.A., et al. Postdefaecation pain syndrome after circular stapled anopexy is abolished by oral nifedipine. British Journal of Surgery 2005;92(2):208-10. | No pain scores |
| 92 | Thorbeck, C.V., Montes, M.F. Haemorrhoidectomy: Randomised controlled clinical trial of ligasure® compared with Milligan-Morgan operation. European Journal of Surgery 2002;168(8-9):482-484. | Inappropriate randomisation |
| 93 | Vellacott, K.D., Hardcastle, J.D. Is continued anal dilatation necessary after a Lord’s procedure for haemorrhoids? British Journal of Surgery 1980;67(9):658-9. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 94 | Walker, A.J., et al. A prospective study of infrared coagulation, injection and rubber band ligation in the treatment of haemorrhoids. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 1990;5(2):113-6. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 95 | Wang, J.Y., et al. The role of lasers in hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1991;34(1):78-82. | No pain scores |
| 96 | Wang, J.Y. Reply: Randomized controlled trial of ligasure with submucosal dissection versus ferguson hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed hemorrhoids (2). World Journal of Surgery 2007;31(1):246. | Reply; not RCT |
| 97 | Wani, N.A., Parray, F.Q. Comparative study of multiple versus single rubber band ligation for internal hemorrhoids. JK Science 2003;5(1):15-7. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 98 | Wehrmann, T., et al. Hemorrhoidal elastic band ligation with flexible videoendoscopes: A prospective, randomized comparison with the conventional technique that uses rigid proctoscopes. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2004;60(2):191-5. | Rubber banding; not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 99 | Williams, J.A., Evans, J.C. An assessment of anesthetic-steroid suppositories: a controlled trial following rubber-band ligation of hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1972;15(1):66-8. | Not surgical haemorrhoidectomy |
| 100 | Wilson, M.S., et al. Objective comparison of stapled anopexy and open hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2002;45(11):1437-44. | No pain scores |
| 101 | Yadav, S., McLatchie, G.R., Mackenzie, I. Evaluation of proctofoam as a post-operative analgesic in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy. British Journal of Clinical Practice 1984;38(11-12):414-415. | No pain scores |