Not recommended
Pre-operative interventions that are NOT recommended
- Conventional NSAIDs (grade A)
- Alpha-2-delta-receptor modulators (grade A)
- Ketamine (grade D)
- Strong opioids (grade D)
- Corticosteroids (grade D)
Intra-operative interventions that are NOT recommended
- Wound drains (grade B)
Postoperative interventions that are NOT recommended
- Ketamine (grade D)
- Corticosteroid (grade D)
- Epidural clonidine (grade D), epidural magnesium sulphate (grade D), epidural extended-release morphine (grade B)
- Spinal clonidine (grade A), short-acting spinal opioids (grade D), continuous spinal anaesthesia (grade D)
- Wound catheter techniques using local anaesthetic (grade D)
- Wound infiltration at the drain site (grade D)